نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله English
نویسندگان English
Independence constitutes one of the most critical components for the effective functioning of the media and for achieving its intended objectives. In the absence of media independence, fundamental concepts such as democracy, transparency, and accountability are significantly undermined. Accordingly, both international human rights instruments and the constitutional and legal frameworks of states have emphasized the importance of protecting media institutions from undue governmental control, adopting various models to this end.Globally, media independence has manifested in diverse forms, reflecting the distinct legal, cultural, and political contexts of each country. Even among states with similar institutional frameworks, a uniform model of media independence cannot be identified. Nevertheless, scholars have introduced specific indicators that enable the assessment of media independence, allowing for a comparative evaluation across different national contexts.In light of these considerations, a central question emerges: to what extent, and through what mechanisms, do the governments of Iran and Egypt intervene in the media? To address this question, this study employs an analytical-comparative methodology, drawing upon the legal and political texts of Iran and Egypt to examine the components and degree of media independence in both countries.From a legal perspective, media independence in Egypt appears to be more formally guaranteed than in Iran, particularly regarding key components such as freedom from administrative hierarchies, the independence of regulatory authorities, licensing requirements, and sources of media financing. However, in practice, governmental interventions in both countries have constrained the realization of such independence. These interventions manifest through direct and indirect pressures that limit the operational and editorial autonomy of media organizations.This article therefore provides a comprehensive analysis of media independence and its dimensions, with particular emphasis on Iran and Egypt. It elucidates the rationale for media independence, identifies its core components, and evaluates the degree to which each country fulfills these criteria, highlighting both formal legal protections and practical limitations.
کلیدواژهها English
