Republic of Iran and the United Arab Emirates have also enacted legal provisions aimed at safeguarding the rights and well-being of pregnant and breastfeeding employees. This article seeks to offer a comprehensive examination of the legal protections afforded to working mothers during pregnancy and lactation, as articulated in the legal frameworks of Iran, the UAE, and relevant international instruments. The study further explores the similarities and differences among these legal systems.The central research question addressed in this study is: What legal measures have been established under international law and the national laws of Iran and the UAE to ensure job security for female workers during maternity and breastfeeding periods? Additionally, the study investigates whether these legal frameworks exhibit significant commonalities or divergences.The research hypothesis posits that both international legal instruments and domestic labor lawsparticularly those of Iran and the UAE provide foundational legal protections for pregnant and breastfeeding workers. However, despite the existence of these laws, many women continue to face substantial barriers in exercising their rights and accessing the benefits guaranteed to them. Furthermore, while the legal systems under consideration share certain principles, they also differ in terms of scope, implementation, and enforcement mechanisms.The research methodology adopted in this study is a comparative, descriptive-analytical approach. Data collection has been conducted through library-based research and the use of reliable internet sources.