مطالعات تطبیقی حقوق کشورهای اسلامی

مطالعات تطبیقی حقوق کشورهای اسلامی

ضرورت شناخت مصادیق متفرعات دعوا از نگاه فقه و حقوق اسلامی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکترای حقوق خصوصی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد ساری، ساری، ایران.
2 استادیار گروه حقوق خصوصی، واحد ساری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ساری، ایران.(نویسنده مسئول)
چکیده
 شخص ذی‌نفع-که در راستای دستیابی به حقوق مورد ادعای خود، به مراجع قضایی متوسّل می‌گردد- برای استیفای آنها، متحمّل هزینه هایی می‌شود. این هزینه ها که مبالغ آن، برابر قوانین مربوط، تعیین و از خواهان وصول می‌گردد و از لحاظ اقتصادی، قابل توجه می­باشد- «متغرعات دعوا» نام دارد و مطالبۀ آن به جای «خسارات دادرسی» در ستون خواسته دادخواست، برای محکوم له مفیدتر می­باشد. سؤال اساسی این است که آیا راجع به مصادیق متفرعات دعوا در فقه و حقوق اسلامی از یکسو و حقوق موضوعۀ ایران، از سوی دیگر و امکان مطالبۀ آنها از سوی محکوم له، انطباق وجود دارد؟ هدف این مقاله، بیان ضرورت شناخت مصادیق فقهی و قانونی متفرعات دعوا می­باشد. اگرچه این اصطلاح نوظهور در فقه و حقوق اسلامی دیده نمی­شود، با دقت نظر در برخی از مصادیق آن همچون هزینه دادرسی، خسارت ناشی از تاخیر تادیه، حق الوکاله وکیل، هزینه های مربوط به کارشناسی، تحقیق و معاینۀ محلی و گواهی گواهان، ریشه و سابقۀ فقهی مشهود می­باشد. با اینکه در مورد مطالبۀ برخی از مصادیق آن همچون خسارات ناشی از تأخیر تأدیه از بدهکار یا مطالبۀ هزینۀ قضاوت از طرفین و حتی ارتزاق قاضی از بیت المال، اختلاف نظر وجود دارد، با توجه دقیق به اصول بالادستی همجون اصل مأجور بودن عمل انسان، در مورد صدور حکم به پرداخت خسارات تأخیر تأدیه از سوی بدهکار اهمال کار و پرداخت هزینه ها حقوق موضوعۀ ایران با فقه و حقوق اسلامی منطبق می­باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

The Necessity of Understanding the Instances of Subsidiaries of Litigation with from the Perspective of Jurisprudence and Islamic Law

نویسندگان English

Soheil Amoozad 1
Ahmad Esfandiari 2
1 Ph.D student in Private Law, Islamic Azad University, Sari Branch, Sari, Iran.
2 Assistant Prof., Department of Private Law, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran.(Corresponding Author)
چکیده English

The beneficiary-who in order to achieve his alleged rights, appeals to the judicial authorities-and as a result, to fulfil them, incurs costs. These costs- which related amounts are determined and collected from claimant according to relevant provisions and economically are considerable - is named "Subsidiaries of Claim" and demanding it instead of "Litigation Damages" in the claim column of petition, is more useful for the winner. The fundamental question is whether there is any compatibility regarding the instances of subsidiaries of claim and the possibility of claim for them by winner in jurisprudence and Islamic law on the one hand and Iranian positive law on the other? The purpose of this article is to explain the necessity of understanding the jurisprudential and legal instances of subsidiaries of claim. Although this emerging term is not seen in jurisprudence and Islamic law, by careful examining some of instances, such as litigation costs, damages resulting from delayed payment, attorney's fee, other related costs, the jurisprudential origin and background are evident. Although there is disagreement about demanding some of it's instances, such as damages from the debtor caused by delayed payment or demanding the costs of judgment from the parties, and even the judge's livelihood from public treasury, with careful consideration on the superior principles, as well as the principle that human work is remunerative, regarding the issuance of a decree to pay damages for late payment by negligent debtor and payment of costs, Iranian positive law is consistent with jurisprudence and Islamic law.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Subsidiaries
Claim
Cost
Litigation
Damages
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