This research examines the functioning of the judicial system during the Abbasid Caliphate of Al-Ma’mun and its role in maintaining social stability and order. The main issue of this study is to analyze how the judiciary addressed unrest, political and social crises, and its impact on consolidating political power during this period. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of the judicial system in preserving security, achieving social justice, and strengthening political legitimacy, with a focus on the performance of judges and the legal mechanisms employed. The research method is descriptive-analytical, utilizing library resources. The findings indicate that judges played a significant role in reducing instability and enhancing social security by issuing fair rulings, managing crises, controlling rebellions, participating in political negotiations, and undertaking diplomatic and military roles. The results suggest that the judicial system during Al-Ma’mun’s era not only executed justice and established political-social order but also had a crucial function in crime prevention, with judicial mechanisms serving as a deterrent in reducing crime occurrence and maintaining community security. This study emphasizes the importance of the multifaceted and central role of the judiciary in political-social stability and crime prevention during the examined period.